What is superoxide dismutase
Superoxide radical (O2), a toxic species of oxygen, is generated in a number of metabolic reactions in all aerobic organisms such as plants and animals including human. If O2 is not removed, it reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce a highly reactive hyroxyl free radical, which causes lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation and DNA mutation. To protect cells and organisms, immediate removal of O2 is essential. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the enzyme that is required to scavenge O2 in plant and animal cells.
Achievements at IHBT
- At IHBT we have the gene obtained from Potentilla atrosanguinea after modifying one of its amino acid (hence onwards called as C95A).
- Tolerates boiling/autoclaving [retains~75% of the un-autoclaved activity in terms of specific activity at 100C with the activity varying at different assay temperatures.
- The engineered SOD (C95A) functions from sub-zero temperature to high temperature of > 400C with varying specific activity. The enzymes functions even at 70-800C (though with lower specific activity).
- We have a system for expression of the protein in E. coli
Possible Applications of IHBT SOD
Since the enzyme can be autoclaved and functions efficiently at varying temperatures the enzyme can be used in the following niche areas:
Medical Industry
The enzyme is needed in several medical operations such as (1) during cryo-surgery, surgery, transplantation of heart, kidney, skin, liver, lung, and pancreas etc., (2) storage of cornea/lens, (3), in extending the shelf life of organelles, cells even at low temperature, (4) treatment of asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, wounding and burning of tissue and so on.
Cosmetic Industry
To be included in creams, shampoo and lotion etc.
Food Industry
For the storage of processed and un-processed food items such as cream, milk, packed vegetables, packed meat, packed chicken and other items pertaining to industry.
Plant Industry
Plants do require it to protect against stress situations of drought, low/high temperature and so on.